To manage people effectively, it is necessary to understand the factors that affect how people behave at work. This means taking into account the fundamental characteristics of people as examined in this chapter under the following headings:
● individual differences – as affected by people’s abilities, intelligence, personality, background and culture, gender and race;
● attitudes – causes and manifestations;
● influences on behaviour – personality and attitudes;
● attribution theory – how we make judgements about people;
● orientation – the approaches people adopt to work;
● roles – the parts people play in carrying out their work.
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